It has been fascinating the last few years, especially the last two, to witness the exponential knowledge explosion in science and medicine. Much of the technology growth is coming in the area of nanotechnology, or more specific to medicine, nanobiology.
Nanotechnology is a field of applied science that fabricates materials and devices that lie in the range of 100 or so nanometers (billionths of a meter). A couple of years ago I read about "respirocytes" which are mechanical devices intended to duplicate all of the important functions of red blood cells, only several hundred times as efficient. I imagine with a transfusion of them one could hold ones breath under water for an hour or more.
Now researchers at University of Basel, Switzerland are developing a technique to upgrade cell metabolism without genetic alterations, instead using nanoscale plastic packages of enzymes dubbed artificial polymer organelles. Human cells have internal subunit called organelles. These organelles are to a cell what our organs are to our bodies. Depending on what enzymes are in the organelle they can be quite useful for different therapies.
The artificial organelle's membrane can be chemically tuned to control which chemicals can pass through it and regulate the reactions inside, according to Wolfgang Meier, one of the researchers. "We call it a 'nanoreactor'," he says. ....
An advanced chemotherapy technique involves giving patients a harmless "prodrug" that only becomes toxic in the presence of a particular enzyme. This enzyme bonds to an antibody that seeks out cancer but ignores healthy cells – this means the drug will only become active around cancerous cells.
Meier says that the artificial organelles might provide a way to introduce prodrug-converting enzymes actually inside cancer cells, where the drug can be more effective. They could targeted to cancer cells using a similar method to that used for enzymes alone.
"You can create, inside these cells, a little compartment that is able to convert the non-toxic prodrug into a toxic drug that kills [them]," he says. ...
Artificial organelles might also be able to treat conditions caused by a deficit of a particular enzyme. For example, someone with lactose intolerance could have their digestive cells given artificial organelles containing lactose-digesting enzymes.
In the far future, it might be possible to introduce non-human metabolic functions into human cells. "We could, in principle, bring in a nanoreactor that [lets] your skin do something like photosynthesis. So if you are hungry, you just lie in the Sun," says Meier.
While I love to sun bathe I'll forgo the sunshine diet and keep my meat and potatoes, thankyou.














Remember the Star Trek medical scanners that were waved about the patient and diagnosis pronounced in just mere seconds? University of Twente researchers in the Netherlands have developed a sensor that is ultrasensitive, and can probably be reduced to a hand held unit. The unit will detect various pathogens and their concentrations (even low concentrations) in minutes. Perhaps a little slower than Dr Crusher's equipment, but its still in development. Current methods detect pathogens after conciderable prep time drawing fluid, mixing chemicals and may take days to get a result. Not very convenient if you have a contagious outbreak.